The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.